5 @command{zebra} is an IP routing manager. It provides kernel routing
6 table updates, interface lookups, and redistribution of routes between
7 different routing protocols.
10 * Invoking zebra:: Running the program
11 * Interface Commands:: Commands for zebra interfaces
12 * Static Route Commands:: Commands for adding static routes
13 * Multicast RIB Commands:: Commands for controlling MRIB behavior
14 * zebra Route Filtering:: Commands for zebra route filtering
15 * zebra FIB push interface:: Interface to optional FPM component
16 * zebra Terminal Mode Commands:: Commands for zebra's VTY
21 @section Invoking zebra
23 Besides the common invocation options (@pxref{Common Invocation Options}), the
24 @command{zebra} specific invocation options are listed below.
29 Runs in batch mode. @command{zebra} parses configuration file and terminates
34 When zebra starts up, don't delete old self inserted routes.
38 When program terminates, retain routes added by zebra.
42 @node Interface Commands
43 @section Interface Commands
47 * Link Parameters Commands::
50 @node Standard Commands
51 @subsection Standard Commands
53 @deffn Command {interface @var{ifname}} {}
56 @deffn {Interface Command} {shutdown} {}
57 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no shutdown} {}
58 Up or down the current interface.
61 @deffn {Interface Command} {ip address @var{address/prefix}} {}
62 @deffnx {Interface Command} {ipv6 address @var{address/prefix}} {}
63 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no ip address @var{address/prefix}} {}
64 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no ipv6 address @var{address/prefix}} {}
65 Set the IPv4 or IPv6 address/prefix for the interface.
68 @deffn {Interface Command} {ip address @var{address/prefix} secondary} {}
69 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no ip address @var{address/prefix} secondary} {}
70 Set the secondary flag for this address. This causes ospfd to not treat the
71 address as a distinct subnet.
74 @deffn {Interface Command} {description @var{description} ...} {}
75 Set description for the interface.
78 @deffn {Interface Command} {multicast} {}
79 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no multicast} {}
80 Enable or disables multicast flag for the interface.
83 @deffn {Interface Command} {bandwidth <1-10000000>} {}
84 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no bandwidth <1-10000000>} {}
85 Set bandwidth value of the interface in kilobits/sec. This is for
86 calculating OSPF cost. This command does not affect the actual device
90 @deffn {Interface Command} {link-detect} {}
91 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no link-detect} {}
92 Enable/disable link-detect on platforms which support this. Currently
93 only Linux and Solaris, and only where network interface drivers support reporting
94 link-state via the IFF_RUNNING flag.
97 @node Link Parameters Commands
98 @subsection Link Parameters Commands
100 @deffn {Interface Command} {link-params} {}
101 @deffnx {Interface Command} {no link-param} {}
102 Enter into the link parameters sub node. At least 'enable' must be set to activate the link parameters,
103 and consequently Traffic Engineering on this interface. MPLS-TE must be enable at the OSPF (@ref{OSPF Traffic Engineering})
104 or ISIS (@ref{ISIS Traffic Engineering}) router level in complement to this.
105 Disable link parameters for this interface.
108 Under link parameter statement, the following commands set the different TE values:
110 @deffn link-params {enable}
111 Enable link parameters for this interface.
114 @deffn link-params {metric <0-4294967295>} {}
115 @deffnx link-params {max-bw @var{bandwidth}} {}
116 @deffnx link-params {max-rsv-bw @var{bandwidth}} {}
117 @deffnx link-params {unrsv-bw <0-7> @var{bandwidth}} {}
118 @deffnx link-params {admin-grp @var{bandwidth}} {}
119 These commands specifies the Traffic Engineering parameters of the interface in conformity to RFC3630 (OSPF)
121 There are respectively the TE Metric (different from the OSPF or ISIS metric), Maximum Bandwidth (interface speed
122 by default), Maximum Reservable Bandwidth, Unreserved Bandwidth for each 0-7 priority and Admin Group (ISIS) or
123 Resource Class/Color (OSPF).
125 Note that @var{bandwidth} are specified in IEEE floating point format and express in Bytes/second.
128 @deffn link-param {delay <0-16777215> [min <0-16777215> | max <0-16777215>]} {}
129 @deffnx link-param {delay-variation <0-16777215>} {}
130 @deffnx link-param {packet-loss @var{percentage}} {}
131 @deffnx link-param {res-bw @var{bandwidth}} {}
132 @deffnx link-param {ava-bw @var{bandwidth}} {}
133 @deffnx link-param {use-bw @var{bandwidth}} {}
134 These command specifies additionnal Traffic Engineering parameters of the interface in conformity to
135 draft-ietf-ospf-te-metrics-extension-05.txt and draft-ietf-isis-te-metrics-extension-03.txt. There are
136 respectively the delay, jitter, loss, available bandwidth, reservable bandwidth and utilized bandwidth.
138 Note that @var{bandwidth} are specified in IEEE floating point format and express in Bytes/second.
139 Delays and delay variation are express in micro-second (µs). Loss is specified in @var{percentage} ranging
140 from 0 to 50.331642% by step of 0.000003.
143 @deffn link-param {neighbor <A.B.C.D> as <0-65535>} {}
144 @deffnx link-param {no neighbor} {}
145 Specifies the remote ASBR IP address and Autonomous System (AS) number for InterASv2 link in OSPF (RFC5392).
146 Note that this option is not yet supported for ISIS (RFC5316).
150 @node Static Route Commands
151 @section Static Route Commands
153 Static routing is a very fundamental feature of routing technology. It
154 defines static prefix and gateway.
156 @deffn Command {ip route @var{network} @var{gateway}} {}
157 @var{network} is destination prefix with format of A.B.C.D/M.
158 @var{gateway} is gateway for the prefix. When @var{gateway} is
159 A.B.C.D format. It is taken as a IPv4 address gateway. Otherwise it
160 is treated as an interface name. If the interface name is @var{null0} then
161 zebra installs a blackhole route.
164 ip route 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.2
165 ip route 10.0.0.0/8 ppp0
166 ip route 10.0.0.0/8 null0
169 First example defines 10.0.0.0/8 static route with gateway 10.0.0.2.
170 Second one defines the same prefix but with gateway to interface ppp0. The
171 third install a blackhole route.
174 @deffn Command {ip route @var{network} @var{netmask} @var{gateway}} {}
175 This is alternate version of above command. When @var{network} is
176 A.B.C.D format, user must define @var{netmask} value with A.B.C.D
177 format. @var{gateway} is same option as above command
180 ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2
181 ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 ppp0
182 ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 null0
185 These statements are equivalent to those in the previous example.
188 @deffn Command {ip route @var{network} @var{gateway} @var{distance}} {}
189 Installs the route with the specified distance.
192 Multiple nexthop static route
195 ip route 10.0.0.1/32 10.0.0.2
196 ip route 10.0.0.1/32 10.0.0.3
197 ip route 10.0.0.1/32 eth0
200 If there is no route to 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, and interface eth0
201 is reachable, then the last route is installed into the kernel.
203 If zebra has been compiled with multipath support, and both 10.0.0.2 and
204 10.0.0.3 are reachable, zebra will install a multipath route via both
205 nexthops, if the platform supports this.
209 S> 10.0.0.1/32 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 inactive
210 via 10.0.0.3 inactive
211 * is directly connected, eth0
215 ip route 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.2
216 ip route 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.3
217 ip route 10.0.0.0/8 null0 255
220 This will install a multihop route via the specified next-hops if they are
221 reachable, as well as a high-metric blackhole route, which can be useful to
222 prevent traffic destined for a prefix to match less-specific routes (eg
223 default) should the specified gateways not be reachable. Eg:
226 zebra> show ip route 10.0.0.0/8
227 Routing entry for 10.0.0.0/8
228 Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0
232 Routing entry for 10.0.0.0/8
233 Known via "static", distance 255, metric 0
234 directly connected, Null0
237 @deffn Command {ipv6 route @var{network} @var{gateway}} {}
238 @deffnx Command {ipv6 route @var{network} @var{gateway} @var{distance}} {}
239 These behave similarly to their ipv4 counterparts.
243 @deffn Command {table @var{tableno}} {}
244 Select the primary kernel routing table to be used. This only works
245 for kernels supporting multiple routing tables (like GNU/Linux 2.2.x
246 and later). After setting @var{tableno} with this command,
247 static routes defined after this are added to the specified table.
250 @node Multicast RIB Commands
251 @section Multicast RIB Commands
253 The Multicast RIB provides a separate table of unicast destinations which
254 is used for Multicast Reverse Path Forwarding decisions. It is used with
255 a multicast source's IP address, hence contains not multicast group
256 addresses but unicast addresses.
258 This table is fully separate from the default unicast table. However,
259 RPF lookup can include the unicast table.
261 WARNING: RPF lookup results are non-responsive in this version of Quagga,
262 i.e. multicast routing does not actively react to changes in underlying
265 @deffn Command {ip multicast rpf-lookup-mode @var{mode}} {}
266 @deffnx Command {no ip multicast rpf-lookup-mode [@var{mode}]} {}
268 @var{mode} sets the method used to perform RPF lookups. Supported modes:
272 Performs the lookup on the Unicast RIB. The Multicast RIB is never used.
274 Performs the lookup on the Multicast RIB. The Unicast RIB is never used.
276 Tries to perform the lookup on the Multicast RIB. If any route is found,
277 that route is used. Otherwise, the Unicast RIB is tried.
279 Performs a lookup on the Multicast RIB and Unicast RIB each. The result
280 with the lower administrative distance is used; if they're equal, the
281 Multicast RIB takes precedence.
283 Performs a lookup on the Multicast RIB and Unicast RIB each. The result
284 with the longer prefix length is used; if they're equal, the
285 Multicast RIB takes precedence.
288 The @code{mrib-then-urib} setting is the default behavior if nothing is
289 configured. If this is the desired behavior, it should be explicitly
290 configured to make the configuration immune against possible changes in
291 what the default behavior is.
293 WARNING: Unreachable routes do not receive special treatment and do not
294 cause fallback to a second lookup.
297 @deffn Command {show ip rpf @var{addr}} {}
299 Performs a Multicast RPF lookup, as configured with
300 @command{ip multicast rpf-lookup-mode @var{mode}}. @var{addr} specifies
301 the multicast source address to look up.
304 > show ip rpf 192.0.2.1
305 Routing entry for 192.0.2.0/24 using Unicast RIB
306 Known via "kernel", distance 0, metric 0, best
307 * 198.51.100.1, via eth0
310 Indicates that a multicast source lookup for 192.0.2.1 would use an
311 Unicast RIB entry for 192.0.2.0/24 with a gateway of 198.51.100.1.
314 @deffn Command {show ip rpf} {}
316 Prints the entire Multicast RIB. Note that this is independent of the
317 configured RPF lookup mode, the Multicast RIB may be printed yet not
321 @deffn Command {ip mroute @var{prefix} @var{nexthop} [@var{distance}]} {}
322 @deffnx Command {no ip mroute @var{prefix} @var{nexthop} [@var{distance}]} {}
324 Adds a static route entry to the Multicast RIB. This performs exactly as
325 the @command{ip route} command, except that it inserts the route in the
326 Multicast RIB instead of the Unicast RIB.
330 @node zebra Route Filtering
331 @section zebra Route Filtering
332 Zebra supports @command{prefix-list} and @command{route-map} to match
333 routes received from other quagga components. The
334 @command{permit}/@command{deny} facilities provided by these commands
335 can be used to filter which routes zebra will install in the kernel.
337 @deffn Command {ip protocol @var{protocol} route-map @var{routemap}} {}
338 Apply a route-map filter to routes for the specified protocol. @var{protocol}
339 can be @b{any} or one of
353 @deffn {Route Map} {set src @var{address}}
354 Within a route-map, set the preferred source address for matching routes
355 when installing in the kernel.
358 The following creates a prefix-list that matches all addresses, a route-map
359 that sets the preferred source address, and applies the route-map to all
360 @command{rip} routes.
364 ip prefix-list ANY permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
365 route-map RM1 permit 10
366 match ip address prefix-list ANY
369 ip protocol rip route-map RM1
373 @node zebra FIB push interface
374 @section zebra FIB push interface
376 Zebra supports a 'FIB push' interface that allows an external
377 component to learn the forwarding information computed by the Quagga
380 In Quagga, the Routing Information Base (RIB) resides inside
381 zebra. Routing protocols communicate their best routes to zebra, and
382 zebra computes the best route across protocols for each prefix. This
383 latter information makes up the Forwarding Information Base
384 (FIB). Zebra feeds the FIB to the kernel, which allows the IP stack in
385 the kernel to forward packets according to the routes computed by
386 Quagga. The kernel FIB is updated in an OS-specific way. For example,
387 the @code{netlink} interface is used on Linux, and route sockets are
390 The FIB push interface aims to provide a cross-platform mechanism to
391 support scenarios where the router has a forwarding path that is
392 distinct from the kernel, commonly a hardware-based fast path. In
393 these cases, the FIB needs to be maintained reliably in the fast path
394 as well. We refer to the component that programs the forwarding plane
395 (directly or indirectly) as the Forwarding Plane Manager or FPM.
397 The FIB push interface comprises of a TCP connection between zebra and
398 the FPM. The connection is initiated by zebra -- that is, the FPM acts
401 The relevant zebra code kicks in when zebra is configured with the
402 @code{--enable-fpm} flag. Zebra periodically attempts to connect to
403 the well-known FPM port. Once the connection is up, zebra starts
404 sending messages containing routes over the socket to the FPM. Zebra
405 sends a complete copy of the forwarding table to the FPM, including
406 routes that it may have picked up from the kernel. The existing
407 interaction of zebra with the kernel remains unchanged -- that is, the
408 kernel continues to receive FIB updates as before.
410 The encapsulation header for the messages exchanged with the FPM is
411 defined by the file @file{fpm/fpm.h} in the quagga tree. The routes
412 themselves are encoded in netlink or protobuf format, with netlink
415 Protobuf is one of a number of new serialization formats wherein the
416 message schema is expressed in a purpose-built language. Code for
417 encoding/decoding to/from the wire format is generated from the
418 schema. Protobuf messages can be extended easily while maintaining
419 backward-compatibility with older code. Protobuf has the following
420 advantages over netlink:
424 Code for serialization/deserialization is generated
425 automatically. This reduces the likelihood of bugs, allows third-party
426 programs to be integrated quickly, and makes it easy to add fields.
428 The message format is not tied to an OS (Linux), and can be evolved
432 As mentioned before, zebra encodes routes sent to the FPM in netlink
433 format by default. The format can be controlled via the
434 @code{--fpm_format} command-line option to zebra, which currently
435 takes the values @code{netlink} and @code{protobuf}.
437 The zebra FPM interface uses replace semantics. That is, if a 'route
438 add' message for a prefix is followed by another 'route add' message,
439 the information in the second message is complete by itself, and
440 replaces the information sent in the first message.
442 If the connection to the FPM goes down for some reason, zebra sends
443 the FPM a complete copy of the forwarding table(s) when it reconnects.
445 @node zebra Terminal Mode Commands
446 @section zebra Terminal Mode Commands
448 @deffn Command {show ip route} {}
449 Display current routes which zebra holds in its database.
453 Router# show ip route
454 Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP,
455 B - BGP * - FIB route.
457 K* 0.0.0.0/0 203.181.89.241
458 S 0.0.0.0/0 203.181.89.1
460 C* 203.181.89.240/28 eth0
465 @deffn Command {show ipv6 route} {}
468 @deffn Command {show interface} {}
471 @deffn Command {show ip prefix-list [@var{name}]} {}
474 @deffn Command {show route-map [@var{name}]} {}
477 @deffn Command {show ip protocol} {}
480 @deffn Command {show ipforward} {}
481 Display whether the host's IP forwarding function is enabled or not.
482 Almost any UNIX kernel can be configured with IP forwarding disabled.
483 If so, the box can't work as a router.
486 @deffn Command {show ipv6forward} {}
487 Display whether the host's IP v6 forwarding is enabled or not.
490 @deffn Command {show zebra fpm stats} {}
491 Display statistics related to the zebra code that interacts with the
492 optional Forwarding Plane Manager (FPM) component.
495 @deffn Command {clear zebra fpm stats} {}
496 Reset statistics related to the zebra code that interacts with the
497 optional Forwarding Plane Manager (FPM) component.